Apparel

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The apparel global value chain (GVC) has been one of the hallmark cases of globalization, since the establishment of the Multifibre Arrangement (MFA) in the early 1970s through the phase-out of the MFA in 2005. The MFA quota system sparked the spread of global production in apparel to every corner of the globe.

Duke GVC Center researchers have tracked global apparel trends in multiple projects, publications and websites. The apparel industry is analyzed in the North Carolina in the Global Economy website, and it is also one of the four industries covered in a report on Skills for Upgrading: Workforce Development and GVCs in Developing Countries. Gary Gereffi and Stacey Frederick have published several articles on apparel GVCs, including a chapter in the World Bank book Global Value Chains in a Postcrisis World: A Development Perspective (2010), and Frederick has collaborated with Cornelia Staritz in developing a series of detailed country case studies for another World Bank book – Sewing Success? Employment, Wages and Poverty Following the End of the Multi-fibre Arrangement (2012).

Pakistan in the Apparel Global Value Chain

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Central America in Manufacturing Global Value Chains (GVCs)

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Peru in the High Quality Cotton Textile and Apparel GVC: Opportunities for Upgrading

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Pro-Poor Development and Power Asymmetries in Global Value Chains

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Nicaragua and the Apparel Value Chain in the Americas: Implications for Regional Trade and Employment

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The apparel global value chain

The Apparel Global Value Chain: Economic Upgrading and Workforce Development: Chapter 3

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Strengthening Nicaragua’s Position in the Textile-Apparel Value Chain: Upgrading in the Context of the CAFTA-DR Region

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The Global Apparel Value Chain, Trade and the Crisis: Challenges and Opportunities for Developing Countries

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Roles of the Business Environment in Global Value Chains

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From Jobs to Careers: Apparel Exports and Career Paths for Women in Developing Countries

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Occupational safety and health improvement in the garment industry

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Vietnam at a Crossroads - Engaging in the Next Generation of Global Value Chains

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Stitches to Riches?: Apparel Employment, Trade, and Economic Development in South Asia

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Bahrain’s Position in the Global Apparel Value Chain: How the U.S.-Bahrain FTA and TPLs Shape Future Development Options

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Regional trade agreements and competitiveness: uncertain path of Nicaragua’s apparel exports

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Making Foreign Direct Investment Work for Sub-Saharan Africa: Chapter 7: Sector Case Study: Apparel

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Developments in the Global Apparel Industry after the MFA Phaseout

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Upgrading & Restructuring in the Apparel GVC: Why China & Asia Outperform Mexico & Central America

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The Global Apparel Value Chain, Trade and the Crisis: Challenges and Opportunities for Developing Countries

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Development of a Value Chain Research Approach and Application to the Textile Industry

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Review and Analysis of Protectionist Actions in the Textile and Apparel Industries

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Protectionism in Textiles and Apparel

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The Fiber-Textile-Apparel Value Chain: Mexico and China Compared

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